GCC Struggles: Internal Rivalries, Fragmentation and Lost Opportunities

The six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have largely come back together since the Al Ula Declaration in January 2021 ended the longest and deepest rift in the GCC’s 43-year history. Unlike the Riyadh Agreements of 2013 and 2014 which purported to end an earlier standoff among GCC states, the post-Al Ula period has seen tangible progress on addressing underlying issues that had split the Gulf States down the middle in the turbulent…